Understanding Marketing and Marketing Process with...

Understanding Marketing and Marketing Process Marketing is the organizational function charged with defining customer targets and the best way to satisfy needs and wants competitively and profitably. Since consumers and business buyers face an abundance of suppliers seeking to satisfy their every need, companies and nonprofit organizations cannot survive today by simply doing a good job. They must do an excellent job if they are to remain in the increasingly competitive global marketplace. Many studies have demonstrated that the key to profitable performance is to know and satisfy target customers with competitively superior offers. This process takes place today in an increasingly global, technical, and competitive environment.†¦show more content†¦This involves four marketing management functions. The four functions are: analysis, planning, implementation, and control a. Marketing Analysis: Marketing analysis involves a complete analysis of the company s situation. The company performs analysis by Identifying environmental opportunities and threats. Analyzing company strengths and weaknesses to determine which opportunities the company can best pursue. Feeding information and other inputs to each of the other marketing management functions b. Marketing Planning: Within each business unit, functional plans must be prepared, including marketing plans. Such plans include marketing plans which are aggregate plans consisting of plans for product lines, brands and markets. Marketing planning involves deciding on marketing strategies that will help the company to attain its overall strategic objectives. A detailed plan is needed for each business, product, or brand. A product or brand plan should contain the following sections :executive summary, current marketing situation ,threats and opportunity analysis, objectives and issues , marketing strategies, action programs, budgets, and controls. c. Marketing Implementation: Marketing Implementation is the process that turns marketing plans into marketing actions in order to accomplish strategic marketing objectives. Whereas marketing planning addresses the andShow MoreRelatedMarketing and Question1102 Words   |  5 Pagestypical marketing mix variables that occur in each stage. Provide an example of a product or service that you feel reflect each stage of the product life cycle and justify your reasoning. New Product Development (Chapter 9) Question 4 List and briefly explain the stages in the consumer decision process. Explain the influences that can impact on the consumer decision process. Use the purchase of a car or phone to demonstrate your understanding. Identify at what stage/s the marketing mix mightRead MoreMarketing Strategy Planning And Marketing Research1500 Words   |  6 PagesNowadays, marketing has become an increasingly vital aspect which can drive the organization to develop and launch the new product successfully, even though marketing was not the worthiest priority for the organizations during 3-4 decades ago. In order to clarify the importance of marketing role that played in the development and launch of new products, the meaning of marketing needs to be referred. Marketing can be simply defined as â€Å"meet needs profitably† (Kotler and Keller, 2012) and â€Å"managingRead MoreP1 - Describe How Marketing Techniques Are Used to Market Products in Two Organisations’1353 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribe how marketing techniques are used to market products in two organisations’ Marketing is the activity and process for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchange a product or service; which has values for the customers/clients. Overall it is an integrated process which builds customer relationship and creates an identity for their customers and themselves. However, marketing can be separated into submarkets – Business to Consumer marketing and Business to Business marketing. BusinessRead MoreHow to Write an Extended Business Studies Response Essay754 Words   |  4 PagesHow to write an extended response – Section IV of HSC Exam    Question: Outline the marketing process and explain the importance of each element of the marketing plan. | Criteria: In your answer you will be assessed on how well you: * demonstrate knowledge and understanding relevant to the question * apply relevant business case study/studies and contemporary business issues * communicate using relevant business terminology and concepts * present a sustained, logical and cohesiveRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Business Model1339 Words   |  6 PagesIn marketing, the business model a firm chose can be one of the ways that reflects the process of value-creating into the market. It defined the physical elements of the enterprise and the procedure about taking apart in the marketplace and market shares acquisition. Strategy and tactics are the two key components of the business model. Philip Kotler(2001) said that, â€Å"marketing plan plays an important role in the course of strategic planning, which is the basis for all marketing strategies and decisionsRead MoreEssay about The Market Orientated Firm.1638 Words   |  7 PagesIn understanding what it is to be a marketing orientated firm; firstly a business needs to know what marketing is. According to the UKs Chartered institute of Marketing (CIM): Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably (CIM1) Marketing is the only process that goes hand in hand with the company strategy and is integrated in all functions and departments of the firm. People tend to think marketing isRead MoreUniversity Marketing Program Case Study998 Words   |  4 Pagesgrows, it is expected that quality education provision will be key. The university through the marketing faculty is uniquely and deliberately specializing their courses to find solution for the challenges. This campaign is aimed at examining diverse aspects of obtaining a marketing degree offered at our university from a business perspective coupled with evaluating our students’ experiences. The marketing department of the university has identified students, parents and academic sponsor as prospectiveRead MoreSummary Kotler Keller1275 Words   |  6 PagesSummary Part1 Chapter 1 Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. Marketing management is the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value. Marketers are skilled at managing demand: they seekRead MoreStrategic Marketing1052 Words   |  5 Pageshead: STRATEGIC MARKETING PROCESS Strategic Marketing Process Strategic Marketing Process In order for an organization to reach its target markets, it must use the strategic marketing process to allocate its marketing mix resources. The marketing mix is elements, such as price, product, place, and promotion (also known as the 4 â€Å"P†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s) used in the make up the marketing process (Bayne Hardin, 2002). It is important for an organization to have a good understanding of the marketing mix. Each elementRead MoreMarketing Plan For The Pet Food Industry Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing Plan for Caninantics Caninantics is a company that has developed a dog food-dispensing product that offers busy pet owners with the capability of feeding dog during their absences. This product is developed because of the wide recognition of Americans love for their dogs and animals. Caninantics had developed a device known as â€Å"Pooch Pantry,† that automatically opens dog food cans and empties the contents into a dog food bowl. The device carries out this process either through a timed

How Transformational Change The Common Ideologies And...

transformative change in the common ideologies and understanding of society as well as the natural world. Through new developments in fields like astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology, new discoveries and ideas fundamentally changed how ordinary people perceived and interpreted the world around them through a non-religious perspective. With this newfound knowledge, fields of modern science and mathematics were established through which questions about the natural world were answered through observations that were concrete, quantified, and unaltered by opinion. In doing so, these newfound ideas and discoveries challenged the Catholic Church’s power to dictate knowledge to people of all standing in society through the Church and the Bible’s perspective. Scholars like Galileo and Francis Bacon revolutionized how knowledge was gained by approaches such as the Scientific Method; this new problem solving process involved one observing and questioning using reasoning to gain new knowledge instead of blindly taking in information as given by the Church. Innovations like Galileo’s work, the use of mathematics, and Bacon’s Scientific Method gave rise to modern science, a secular way of understanding society as well as the natural world. As a result, an intellectual revolution began in the West during the Early Modern period as people pursued an understanding of society and the world independent of the Church’s authority. model ofShow MoreRelatedSummary Of The Book Fareed Zakaria 1563 Words   |  7 Pagesdemocratic. 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These factors include; technology, ideology, competition, conflict, political, economic factors, and structural strains. These modifications affect how people define family and social relationships, how they work and generate an economy, how they educate, how they govern themselves, and finally how theyRead MoreEffect of Motivation on Employees9326 Words   |  38 Pagessource of information is the employee. Exploring the attitudes that employees hold concerning factors that motivate them to work is important to creating an environment that fosters employee motivation (Wiley, 1995). In order to cater for the changes in perception brought about by time, Wiley also suggest that employees must be asked on a regular basis what sparks and sustains their desire to work. Individual performance is moderated by the personality, values, attitudes and ability of theRead MoreBurke Litwin 19928658 Words   |  35 PagesModel of Organizational Performance and Change W. Warner Burke Teachers College, Columbia University George H. Litwin The Graduate Center To provide a model of organizational performance and change, at least two lines of theorizing need to be explored—orgatiizational ftuictioning and organizational change. The authors go beyond description and suggest causal linkages that hypothesize how performance is affected and how effective change occurs. Change is depicted in terms of both process andRead MoreThe Field Of Organization Development9676 Words   |  39 Pages Perhaps everything we have is a gift and inheritance from nature and one that we are not guaranteed the end. What we have life, death, enjoyment of happiness, freedom, etc are gift. If we do not manage it well, its inevitable end is not guaranteed. So, we must learn to harness, ignite, re-ignite, protect, exploit, extend and preserve our heritage. It is every person responsibility to properly apply what he or she has in ways that maximize the best of its usefulness. And the field of OD is no exceptionRead MoreTransformative Learning Theory— an Overview5690 Words   |  23 Pagesvarious unresolved issues about transformative learning theory. This overview is followed by two alternative perspectives of transformative learning: Boyd’(transformative education) and Freire’(social transfors s mation) that contribute to our understanding of transformative pedagogy. Mezirow: A Rational Transformation Transformative learning offers a theory of learning that is uniquely adult, abstract, idealized, and grounded in the nature of human communication. It is a theory that is partlyRead MoreSchool Leadership Roles And Responsibilities10143 Words   |  41 PagesSchool leadership roles and responsibilities have continued be broadened and redefined in today’s society. In addition to the federal and state mandates for student proficiency in general populations of students and sub groups of populations, school leaders are being held responsible either directly or indirectly to shape the character and ethical fabric of today’s young people. School leaders are held accountable with high-stakes state assessments, parent and teacher surveys, and state requirementsRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagespsychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectives and practices of organization. By thoroughly explaining, analyzing and exploring organization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented

Longfellow and his works Essay Example For Students

Longfellow and his works Essay Longfellow is one of the few poets that put together novel type works. He created some of the best poetry ever written. Longfellow’s narrative poems, such as Evangeline, The song of Hiawatha, and The Courtship of Miles Standish, gave a romanticized view of America’s early history and democratic ideals. Evangeline is one of the best long poems ever written by any author. It’s popularity at through all class distinctions. It was read and loved and pondered over in humble cottages (Wagonknecht P.85). Evangeline was the first long poem in America literature to live beyond its own time, and it would be impossible to exaggerate its vogue, either at home or abroad (Wagonknecht P.85). The historical basis of the story was supplied in 1755 by the expulsion of the French settlers from the vicinity of the boy of Minas in Acadie as an incident of the conflict between France and England for possession of the North American continent (Wagonknecht P.86). In the poem Evangeline they are unable to find Gabriel. Evangelines party arrives at a village and finds Gabriel’s father Basil, who tells Evangeline that Gabriel had left only the day before with a party going to the Ozark Mountains to trade for moles with the Spaniards. The priest assures her, however, that the party will return to the mission in autumn when the hunting season is over. Evangeline decides to accept the priest’s advice to await her lover at the mission. But the autumn comes and passes, with no Gabriel, so she again resumes her pursuit (Williams P.153 154). Gabriel Lajeunesse, in his passiuity and elusiveness, is unconsciously fleeing from Evangeline rather than seeking her out. Certainly he is no dominating and aggressive Odysseus, anymore than Evangeline is a merely stead fast and long-waiting Penelope; and the poem, in itself and in the popular imagination, is hers, not Gabriels (Arvin P.100-101). Evangeline is nothing if not persistent. It apparently never occurred to the Victorian Longfellow that anyone would question the virtue of a maiden who would voyage for years unchaperoned with the rough men of the frontier and even spend a summer and autumn as the only women in a mission full of men (Williams P.154). It is what imparts to Evagneline its particular Longfellow character of delicate and rather teminine pathos, and deprives it of the true heroic strain. But pathos of this sort is a genuine poetic effect, and it is felt and expressed so purely, so appropriately, here as to escape the charge of sentimentality (Arvin P.101-102). The Song of Hiawatha is one of the few great long poems by Longfellow. Longfellow, in the eyes of Henry Rowe Schoolcraft (1793 – 1864), ethnologist, explorer, and Indian Agent, who had married a half – Ojibway woman, and who would give credit to Longfellow with having, for the time, portrayed the Indian correctly in the literature. Lon gfellow combined the mythical with the historical and undercut the heroic stature of his characters by presenting them as â€Å"child – like and immature,† not universally human. Sometimes he presented nature as in different to human wants and sometimes as sympathetic (Wagenknecht p. 102 and 96). Hiawatha is a long and many – sided poem, in which readers mat be trusted to fin their own tastes and interests, but one can hardly believe that many would fail to respond to the famous passages from â€Å"Hiawath’a childhood† in canto 3 (Wagenknecht p. 99). Hiawatha is not born by immaculate conception nor does he spring full-grown from the brow of a god, but he does have a supernatural origin. The â€Å"beautiful Nokomis,† who is â€Å"a wife, but not a mother,† through the act of a jealous rival falls from the moon to a beautiful meadow on earth, where she gives birth to a winsome daughter, Wenonah. Nokomis warned Wenonah against the west – wind, but vainly so she â€Å" Bore a son of love and sorrow.† Thus was born my Hiawatha. Hiawatha’s mother dies deserted by the faithless west – wind, and the â€Å"child of wonder† is reared by his grandmother Nokomis until he finds out about his mother and his fickle fathe r. Despites Nokomis attempt to dissuade him, as he sets out to

ACME New Facitlity

Questions: Task 1a). In your role as the Project Manager for the implementation of Acmes new facility,you are required to describe the main principles of the project management processas they can be linked to the project lifecycle. You will do this in diagram form(making use of a model diagram as given in class) showing how your project fits into that model. (LO1.1)b). Suggest suitable success / failure criteria for your new project and, in doing this,you consider both process and outcome criteria as well as internal factors and therequirements of Acme Products themselves as the owner of the project.c). Project management is concerned with several objectives at the same time and these typically come under the headings of time, cost and quality. Explain, withexamples linked to each of these objectives, how project management systems and processes are designed to contribute to each of these objectives in the case of theAcme Project.d) Explain how you will terminate the Acme Project, making sure t hat your explanation includes the key elements you will be assessing as well as the items you will include in your post-project appraisal.Task 2a) List the main participants in the Acme Project giving an explanation of the roles and responsibilities of each of the participants included on your list.b) Draw up and explain a suitable organisational structure for the Acme Project. (It is essential that you include a diagram.)c) Identify and justify the skills and qualities you should possess as a leader for the Acme Project.The City College HND in Business Project Management for Business September 2015d) Specify the human resource requirements for the Acme Project then explain and justify the technical and personal characteristics you require of the people youintend to include in your Project Team.e) Develop, in diagram form, an outline work breakdown structure of no more than three levels for the Acme Project.Task 3a) Using the following list of tasks, draw up a network diagram and find the critical path for the project below. What is the final duration of the project?b) In the project described by the network in Task 3a, you are notified that the construction of the production machinery will take longer than planned by eightweeks. You must inform your client of any consequence of this delay: what do you say? You are then informed by your supplier that your supply of raw materials hasbeen affected by flooding and that you will not be able to start sourcing until 6 weeks later than planned. What is the effect of this delay and what might you doabout it?c) Explain, with your own examples. How a Gantt Chart and a Resource Histogram might be used in order to improve the management of your project.c) Explain how you might be able to Crash some activities during your project in order to finish the project more quickly.d) Explain how you will analyse Cost and Time performance for your project during its project life.e) Explain how you will manage any changes that are likely to be required during the life of your project.f) When and how will you close the project? What happens to the building and production line once you have completed your tasks as project manager?g) Explain how you will evaluate the completed project i.e. how will you decide if it has it been a success or a failure? You should also include methods of measuring the performance of a project as they will apply to the Acme Project Answers: Introduction The ACME Products Plc has a wide variety of customer database starting from production to logistics. Now the organization has decided to plant a new production facility to meet the increasing demand for their products in the market. Hence, the Board of Directors of the decision making bodies for the organization have released this project to present a view of the design of the project by applying principles of project management and evaluate the success or failure criteria of the project. This report focuses on the various principles of project management that can be applied to the success or failure criteria measurement of a project. The term project management denotes to the discipline comprising of initiation, prepare planning, execution, controlling and closeout of the activities of the project team to acquire certain goals and meet specific success criteria. Task 1: Understanding of Project Management Principles 1.1 Description of Project Background and Principles of Project at ACME Product PLC 1.1.1 Background of the Project for ACME Product PLC The main objective of the project is to design a new manufacturing facility for a business organization named ACME Products Plc that deals with the manufacturing and production of plastic tableware. The project will also include the construction of a new building, installation of production machinery, handling the supply of raw material and manufacturing as well as delivery of the finished products. The project will also focus on the arrangement for production in the new facility and integration of that with the existing factories in other parts of the country. The project will be designed with the help of project management fundamentals that will deliver to evaluate the success or failure of the project. 1.1.2 Key Principles of the Project Management at ACME Product PLC There are sure standards, which should have to be taken after when taking care of activities. According to Botchkarev and Finnigan (2015), outlined that there are seven basic principles within a project management process. Success - While undertaking of this ACME Project, the focus was dependable for the achievement of the project. The success should be considered with maintaining all principles in ACME Product PLC project. Commitment - The administration and the colleagues must be focused on the task before it comes enthusiastically. This implies there must be an agreement on the objectives, scope, quality, timeline and the expense of the task between everybody. Trade-off Triangle - This rule just implies that degree, quality, time, and cost must be feasible and they should exist in an adjusted state for a task to make it is encouraging (Clements and Gido 2012). Any of these variables cannot be changed without influencing the others. Communication Channels - A solitary channel of correspondence must exist between the project support and the task group pioneer for all choices influencing the result of the undertaking. Cultural Environment - The system for administration must match the sort of task and the present status of the project so that the group can deliver its best of yield. The group must be overseen in a way that empowers and supports them. Process - For any undertaking to succeed, methodology and approaches must be unmistakably said and should be archived. It ought to express the parts; obligations and appointments must be incorporated into strategies. These procedures serve as aides all through the lifespan of the project. (Source: Randolph 2012, pp- 81) Project Lifecycle - This standard includes the arranging and the execution periods of the undertaking. On a very basic level, arranging precedes usage. This guarantees a straightforward way and decides critical turning points in the commitment (Cooke and Tate 2011). By taking after this, we can get a reasonable picture on determining when the task begins and when it ought to end. 1.2 Evaluation of Success/Failure Criteria for the Project These are the useful components and highlight that, when finished, make up the completing deliverable for the undertaking. Assets here are the expense and the financial backing designated the particular project to be finished. The ACME Product PLC should consider in this criteria about the Key Performance Indicators for making the success identified under the project. The success factors are selected with more specific strategies of Post Performance Review reports, project assessment and evaluation accounting the indicators as well. The commitment of success should be considered as stakeholder satisfaction, their responsibility objectives, and timely delivery of by-products, expense utilization, and quality of performance. In this project, the three factors as quantity, time, and cost balanced in aspect of completion and suitable adjustments in every aspect. In ACME Product PLC, there must be suitable channels and sessions for communication and necessary interaction process as in dis cussion, face-to-face interaction, essential information sharing, and others. The timetable alludes to the exact time required and distributed to create a deliverable (Dalcher 2013). In this situation of the ACME Project, this would be the consequence of the undertaking. At the point when all these criteria will be met in the ACME Project, the achievement rate of the project will be fulfilled. If the asset and time are more utilized than the allotted sum and if the extent of the project is not achieved, it will bring about the task to meet disappointment. 1.3 Explanation of the Principles of Systems and Procedures of Project Management The idea of overseeing development projects is profoundly implanted in the conventional building acquirement framework. Frame (2014) contends that time, expense and quality are the attainable primary goals of the customer in any development project. In spite of the fact that it is guaranteed that time, expense and quality are fused in the administration of development projects, research has demonstrated that in truth a period cost predisposition exists. Time: By the ACME Project it can be stated that a restrained administration exertion is expected to finish a development project on time, and this coordinated administration attempt will control both expenses also, quality (Dinsmore and Cabanis 2011). Cost: Customers have been progressively concerned with the general productivity of activities and the responsibility of undertakings for the most part. Therefore, a toll has been taken in the ACME Project for the relationship with undertaking delays, are much of the time recognized as one of the foremost components prompting the high cost of development. Quality: To the customer, quality might be characterized as one of the segments that add to esteem for money. The joining of all capacities and forms inside of the ACME Project is kept in mind with the end goal to accomplish the perpetual change of the quality of products and administrations. 1.4 Explanation of Key elements involved in Project Termination and Post-Project Appraisals There are eight essential elements according to the Post-Project Appraisal that should be used to assess and explain the termination of the ACME Project (Gido and Clements 2012). The features that are included in the Post-Project Appraisal can be discussed as below: Overall Project Assessment: The project was carried out successfully to meet the goals and objectives that were expected to achieve with the help of this project. In context to the ACME Project, it can be said that the manufacturing facility was built according to the specifications required by the organization and taking into account the integration of production with existing factories in other parts of the country (Heagney 2012). Scope Management: The ACME Project delivered all the range that was agreed to be accomplished during the planning of the project. There was documentation of the change request and approval by Board of Directors in ACME Products Plc organization (Holzmann 2013). The time and cost were adjusted as per the change in the scope variables defined for the project. Key Accomplishment: The team members involved in the project were very productive and actively participated for the conduction of this project. Various efficient ways of equipment usage were adapted for the accomplishment of the project. The project team dealt with the problems during the building phase of the manufacturing facility and the installation of the product machinery (Scally 2013). Lessons Learned: The problems that were faced by the ACME project team mainly consisted of the team collaboration and upkeep the regular updates on the progress of the project. Therefore, to prevent such problems of team collaboration shortly the project manager must include the use of certain tools online to note the daily progress of the project and update regarding any conflict between the team members (Huemann 2013). Project Sign-off: The stakeholders were satisfied with the quality of the results that were delivered on completion of the project. Now, the project signoff should be included for terminating the venture within suitable timeline. The stakeholders should be signed off as well with considering their individual efforts in this matter. Signing off includes the detachment of them out of the project at the time of project completion. Opportunities for Improvements: The planning phase was designed to assess the risks and how the risks can be mitigated for the successful accomplishment of the project. The roles and responsibilities of the Project team members were defined before the development of the project planning. Future Consideration The actions were taken into considerations for the mitigation of the risks involved in the project for successful accomplishment in the estimated timeline and budget of the project. Adoption of Best Practices The project management tools such as the Gantt chart and Resource allocation tables were used for the proper management of resources to manage the cost of the project within the estimated budget (Hughes 2012). Task 2: Management of Projects Human Resources at ACME Product PLC 2.1 Roles and Responsibilities of Participants within the Project There are disorder and distortion of the fragments of a percentage of the experts in the administration of Construction tasks. This could be credited to numerous components. One of the variables is the absence of legitimate working learning on the larger part of individuals as to the parts of every expert in the business (Turner 2012). Project Manager - While the obligation regarding agreeing to details is immovably set with the contractual worker, the implicit supposition is made that unless a customer keeps up his particular agent or project manager on the site to watch and review the works, the resultant structure or building won't be incongruity with determined quality standard (Hydari 2013). In any case, the size, sort and many-sided quality of a specific building task might make it important to have notwithstanding the venture supervisor, an inhabitant manufacturer, occupant engineers and an inhabitant designer (Wbdg.org 2016). Contractor - Contractor was taking so as to do building improvement process by taking charge of the exercises on a building development site in deciphering outlines, working drawings, calendars and particulars into a physical structure. Civil Engineer Architect or civil engineer will deliver drawings details, plans and other applicable information that might be required for the general configuration of the task to help the amount surveyor in the readiness of bills of costs. The costing and the customer in his appraisal of the suitability of the venture, with respect to statutory prerequisites (Hllgren 2012). Surveyor - Surveyor is the overseer of area data. The size, geology, area, highlights on and underneath the field after that any advancement is manufactured, is resolved first by surveyors. Quality Surveyor - A quality engineer ought to be called upon in the early phases of an interview by the customer in light of his ability to development costs. 2.3 Identification and Justification of Skills Qualities as a Project Manager In terms of developing of ACME based big and complicated project, there are some skill and qualities are required for selection of project manager. Some of them are listed below The project manager who is equipped for reviewing materials and the workmanship of works must be an expert that is all around prepared in building development, and with preparing in undertaking administration (Ika 2015). While the project development engineer will assess those materials, and segments indicated by the venture planner furthermore check measurements physically on the construction site. The temporary worker ought to as a rule participate with the manager and regard him as the senior individual from the undertaking group whose help and exhortation will make remarkable venture execution (Wells and Kloppenborg 2015). 2.4 Explanation and Justification of required Technical and personal characteristics in Project 2.4.1 Project manager technical requirement and personal characteristics - Bachelor's or Master's degree in structural designing from a certify fourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ year school or college and a base 15 years experience on civil works. To perform this occupation effectively, an individual must have the capacity to perform every vital obligation attractively (Indelicato 2013). 2.4.2 Contractor technical requirement and personal characteristics - A decent degree or certificate in structural building is exceptionally valuable, and long involvement in development is extremely fundamental. A solid money related foundation is critical to be into development business whether as a Contractor. 2.4.3 Civil engineer requirement and personal characteristics - Forthcoming structural specialists must finish a four-year certification, which more often than not takes around four years (Joslin and Mller 2015). Development building is an expert teach that arrangements with the outlining, arranging, development, and administration of frameworks. 2.4.4 Surveyor requirement and personal characteristics- The Surveyor must be Diploma in Civil Engineering with two years relevant experience in civil construction work. Surveyors do a scope of activities to strengthen sanctioned surveyors, designers, and engineers. 2.4.5 Quality Surveyor requirement and personal characteristics The Quality Surveyor has Diploma in civil engineering and five years experience in quality surveying for civil construction (Levin 2013). 2.5 Work Breakdown Structure (Source: Created by Author in MS Visio) Task 3: Application of Project Processes and Procedures 3.1 Design of Network Diagram, Findings of Critical Path and Final Duration of Project 3.1.1 Design of Network Diagram of ACME Production Facility project (Source: Created By Author in MS Project) 3.1.2 Identification of Critical Path in ACME Production Facility project (Source: Created By Author in MS Project) 3.1.3 Final Duration The project will take around 329 days for accomplishment as assumed to start from 23/01/2016 and will complete on 28/04/2017. 3.2 Delay in the Project: Consequences The report discusses in this section about the delay in the ACME project. The project is structured for completion within eight weeks time. However, there are certain causes for that the project has the tendency of delay generated in the project. The project delay and their consequences are demonstrated here (Martinsuo 2013). Consequence 1: More cost and budget requirements The first and foremost consequence in this scenario is the cost and budget requirements. The delay may be due to a late supply of material in the project.Therefore, the alternative supplier may take extra charges for the urgent delivery of materials. Consequence 2: Change in project schedule The project manager is bound to change the project schedule in this changed context. Therefore, the length of the critical path will be longer. The critical path may help the project manager to incorporate the changes, however; the consequence will be to manage the criticality of ACME project (Mastrofini 2013). Consequence 3: Change of roles and responsibilities The project manager will have to change and revise the roles and responsibilities of certain project members to reconsider the revised timeline. The project manager has the major role for revising the roles in this project. Flooding in materials and effect of delay In a case of flooding of raw materials, the supplier should be instantly replaced with the alternative supplier in the project. The new supplier should provide the materials according to the required specifications, and management decisions. There may be little fringe in time scheduling. However, the project manager will need to revise the time scheduling to consider the alternative resource (Mir and Pinnington 2014). The materials should require testing for effectiveness and the altered completion timeline is required for Gantt chart revision. 3.2 Explanation of the use of Gantt chart and Resource Histogram for Project Management Improvement The Gantt chart is an elementary part of any project whether the project being small or large; the Gantt chart is the basic requirement of any project to handle the timeline and resource allocation. The histogram is another subsequent part of the project, and it manages the project progress along with resource allocation with separate time constraint and completion time (Randolph 2012). The Gantt chart shows clearly the segmented activities in a chart format with changing working schedule and resource effort calculation. The histogram analyzes the specific activity with proper resource allocation with individual time and progress under a particular period. Both of these resources are essential for handling the project delays and project rescheduling with critical path consideration. In the ACME project, these tools help the project manager to understand the activity priority with timely completion and generation of progress report with activity details. 3.3 Explanation of crashing some activities for Early Completion of Project The early finish of any project may be performed with either two types of strategy. The first one may be fast tracking, and another one may be crashing some activities. In this scenario, the crashing of activity is discussed with ACME project changes. The crashing is performed for improper yet lengthy activities in the project as well the costly resource employment tasks. For instance, the activity of Design Production Machinery and Build Production Machinery may be included in the project as the single task. In such way, the time should be shortened to 18 weeks. Again, the design building activity and requirements specification tasks may be merged for completion within 12 weeks time. The advertising campaign activity may be performed within two weeks time. In this manner, the total timeline will be shrunk in a smaller schedule (Richman 2012). 3.4 Analysis of Cost and Time performance for the project The cost and time performance may be measured by analysis Net Present Value and payback period analysis. The NPV analysis is essential to get a better view of present value acquisition in the project after the certain time. The NPV analysis may be performed with certain percentage of 6% rate with the discount factor of (1/1.06) yearly. Again, the payback period analysis determines the time in which the project will provide better revenues to the project employing organization (Richman and Richman 2011). In this context, ACME project should consider both of them to get project performance. 3.5 Change Management in the Project The change management will be performed with better stakeholder communication process and planning. Within the project life cycle, the project manager should have to consider a major role of revising the roles and responsibilities within stakeholder meeting. The meeting will provide individual role and activity change specification; for instance, if a natural disaster occurs as a certain incident with losing resources, then the project manager will have to accommodate the project completion within time (Rmit.edu.au 2016). Otherwise, the project may require additional cost and budget to complete with more workforces in this context. 3.6 Project Closeout Project closeout is simple with conducting a meeting with stakeholder sign-out and Post Performance Review meeting. In a case of completion of the building and production line, the stakeholders involved with the construction are signed out from the project. Then the project manager will be conducting PIR meeting for more modification and the completed project performance analysis (Roberts 2011). 3.7 Evaluation of the Completed Project The assessment of the completed project is performed with PIR meeting with employment project organization. The methods of measuring the performance of a project are may be sure KPIs of the building, the NPV analysis, payback analysis, and ROI analysis. Mainly the PIR document has some factors of completion evaluation, construction evaluation criteria, and authority reviews (Sankaran 2015). Finally, the paper is signed with approval for successful completion of the project. Conclusion The project management study is carried out on the application of project management concepts for the preparation of a project for the ACME Products Plc organization to set up a new manufacturing facility and integration of the production in the new facility with the existing factories in other parts of the country. The feedbacks from the stakeholders regarding the outcome were in the positive manner as they were regularly updated about the progress of the project. The active participation of the team members assisted in completing the project within the estimated timeframe and cost. References Botchkarev, A. and Finnigan, P., 2015. Complexity in the Context of Information Systems Project Management. Organisational Project Management, 2(1), p.15. Brown, L., 2011. Project management for the pharmaceutical industry. Farnham, England: Gower. Clements, J. and Gido, J., 2012. Effective project management. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. Collins, R., 2011. Project management. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Cooke, H. and Tate, K., 2011. The McGraw-Hill 36-hour course. New York: McGraw-Hill. Dalcher, D., 2013. The IT Project Management Answer Book. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 44(5), pp.e1-e1. Davidson Frame, J., 2014. Reconstructing Project Management. Project Management Journal, 45(1), pp.e2-e2. Dinsmore, P. and Cabanis-Brewin, J., 2011. The AMA handbook of project management. New York: American Management Association. Editorial Board, 2013. International Journal of Project Management, 31(1), p.IFC. Gido, J. and Clements, J., 2012. Successful project management. Mason, OH: South-Western. Hllgren, M., 2012. The construction of research questions in project management. International Journal of Project Management, 30(7), pp.804-816. Harrin, E. and Peplow, P., 2012. Customer-centric project management. Farnham, Surrey, England: Gower. Heagney, J., 2012. Fundamentals of project management. New York: American Management Association. Holzmann, V., 2013. A meta-analysis of brokering knowledge in project management. International Journal of Project Management, 31(1), pp.2-13. Huemann, M., 2013. Excellent research to move project management forward. International Journal of Project Management, 31(1), pp.161-163. Hughes, B., 2012. Project management for IT-related projects. London: BCS. Hydari, H., 2013. Second Order Project Management. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 44(2), pp.100-100. Ika, L., 2015. Opening the black box of project management: Does World Bank project supervision influence project impact?. International Journal of Project Management, 33(5), pp.1111-1123. Indelicato, G., 2013. Total Quality Management for Project Management. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 44(4), pp.e1-e1. Joslin, R. and Mller, R., 2015. Relationships between a project management methodology and project success in different project governance contexts. International Journal of Project Management, 33(6), pp.1377-1392. Levin, G., 2013. Project Management for Non-Project Managers. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 44(5), pp.e2-e2. Martinsuo, M., 2013. Project portfolio management in practice and in context. International Journal of Project Management, 31(6), pp.794-803. Mastrofini, E., 2013. Project management template / Project management facile con le mappe mentali. PROJECT MANAGER (IL), (16), pp.47-47. Mir, F. and Pinnington, A., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: Linking Project Management Performance and Project Success. International Journal of Project Management, 32(2), pp.202-217. Ponnappa, G., 2014. Project Stakeholder Management. Project Management Journal, 45(2), pp.e3-e3. Randolph, S., 2012. Fundamentals of Project Management, Fourth Edition. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 43(4), pp.81-81. Randolph, S., 2014. Maximizing Project Value: A Project Manager's Guide. Project Management Journal, 45(2), pp.e2-e2. Richman, L. and Richman, L., 2011. Successful project management. New York: American Management Association. Richman, L., 2012. Improving your project management skills. New York: American Management Association. Rmit.edu.au, 2016. Construction and project management - RMIT University. [online] Available at: https://www.rmit.edu.au/study-with-us/building-construction-and-planning/construction-and-project-management/ [Accessed 23 Jan. 2016]. Roberts, P., 2011. Effective project management. London, UK: Kogan Page. Sankaran, S., 2015. Call for Papers Special issue: Project Management in the Non-Profit Sector. Organisational Project Management, 2(1). Scally, W., 2013. Sustainability in Project Management. Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 44(2), pp.101-101. Turner, R., 2012. International Journal of Project Management, Editorial January 2012. International Journal of Project Management, 30(1), p.1. Wbdg.org, 2016. Project Planning, Delivery, and Controls | Whole Building Design Guide. [online] Available at: https://www.wbdg.org/project/ [Accessed 23 Jan. 2016]. Wells, K. and Kloppenborg, T., 2015. Project management essentials. New York, NY: Business Expert Press.

Business Communication Trends

Communication is a prerequisite for organizational success. If communication in an organization has mistakes, the organization could suffer substantial losses due to wastage of valuable resources such as time, goodwill, employee efforts etcetera.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Communication Trends specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Business communication is among the most dynamic forms of communication due to the mere fact that businesses are aimed at profit maximization, and any change towards more effective communication would make a business achieve this goal. In the contemporary society, businesses are changing their forms of communication to keep in pace with changes in technology. I have personally experienced and witnessed most of the contemporary trends in business communication in my workplace. Communication is particularly crucial in the day-to-day running of a business. The need for effective c ommunication in the day-to-day running of a business is due to the fact that a business may have a number of workers and clients who will need specific information at certain times in order for them to play their roles in the business. In order to work on something during the day-to-day running of a business, stakeholders need to be involved in decision making and action taking. This need will necessitate that these people be informed of a meeting in advance so that they plan for the meeting. The stakeholders will, in most cases, be separated by space and thus the achievement of effective communication will prove to be difficult without the use of reliable communication tools. Thus effective and reliable tools such as email or text messaging to convene the meeting will be necessary. Some tools of communication are also critical in the running of the day-to-day activities of an organization because they provide evidence of transactions (Bates, 2010, p. 1). For instance, correspondenc es between an organization and a customer could be used as an evidence of a transaction in case a misunderstanding arises.Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Communication is also important in the day-to-day running of a business because it ensures that employees’ efforts are properly coordinated. This results in effectiveness of the operations of the business because there will be no cases of duplications and repetitions. In the recent past, people in businesses used to communicate via letters sent by post. Communication within the business or organization was mainly done by the use of paper memos. Minutes of meetings used to be documented in paper form and delivered by hand or mail to the person they concern. Nowadays, communication has been completely changed by the use of technology. E-mails have substituted virtually all the former forms of communication such as letters, memos and minutes. Emails are now, increasingly, used in businesses and organizations to send letters, memos and they are even to send minutes of meetings in which a soft copy of the minutes is emailed as an attachment to respective recipients (Hunt, 2010, p. 1). Also among the main changes to business communication is teleconferencing in which people hold a meeting by the use of their phones while in remote locations. Also similar is the use of videoconferencing for holding meetings in which the members can see each other in a video device. Businesses and professionals are also using social networking sites in carrying out their day-to-day activities. This is achieved by the sending of private messages on the social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and MySpace. This is common with media houses that are increasingly using the social networks to reach their clients. Professionals and business people are also making use of blogs on the internet to look for customers and consultants (Ober, 2009, p. 37). The blogs also give their visitors a chance to post comments and messages to a given business, organization, or individual. Although the contemporary change in the trends in communication has resulted in more effective communication, they also have their shortfalls. For instance, not everyone is technology-savvy, and thus an assumption by a sender of a message that the receiver is familiar with technology may have undesirable effects. Additionally, the tools of teleconferencing and video conferencing require effective planning for them to be successful.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Communication Trends specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The contemporary trends in business communication have seen the use of a variety of technology tools in day-to-day communication. There a numerous messages that have come as a result of the use of these technology tools. Some of the se messages are stated in the discussion above and they include email messages, text messages and even private messages sent on social networking sites. As evidenced from the discussion above, communication is a an important part of any business. Without communication, most businesses will, perhaps, be brought to a halt. The business community has thus been exploring ways in which to effectively communicate during their day-to-day activities. From the discussion, the business community owes the contemporary effectiveness in communication to technology. This is because most of the changes that have taken place in communication over the years have been enabled by the presence of technology tools. The tools include the aforementioned messages such as emails, text messages, and facilities such as teleconferencing, video conferencing, and the like. Business people who have not yet embraced the change in business communication should therefore ensure that they research on how they can use technology tools to make their communication effective. Reference List Bates, S. (2010). Workplace Communication Trends for 2010. Web. Hunt, J. (2010). Current Trends in Business Communication. Web. Ober, S. (2009). Contemporary Business Communication (7th Ed). New York. Wadsworth Publishing.Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Business Communication Trends was written and submitted by user Gideon Holcomb to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Business Communication Trends Introduction Business communication is the communication that deals with promotion of a product. In this sense a product may be anything a company or an organization produces including its services. It may also include the organization itself. The relay of communication within the business or the organization can also deal with legal issues.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Communication Trends specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Business communication therefore means the passing of information from one end of a supply chain to another. This means that communication can also be between the consumer and the manufacturer. Communication in the work place should be effective such that good communication skills are enhanced. This work reviews the role, effects, and the trends of business communication in a business environment. The Role of Business Communication in the Work Place Good interpersonal and communicat ion skills can make a person’s career prosper. Employers and workers are known to benefit from top-notch communication skills. Effective communication skills bring about good rapport by establishing familiarity. Establishment of familiarity brings about trust with clients and co-workers and not forgetting the rivals. Business communication helps in solving conflicts within and outside the organization. A manager who has effective communication skills will always be tactful in dealing with disagreements. It is quite agreeable that when conflicts are handled tactfully by managers or workers, there will be no addition of ripples to the turmoil. It should be understood that in the first place, miscommunication is the reason that creates conflict. When good communication strategies are employed by the staff of the organization, team members will always get along smoothly thereby increasing the productivity of the business. Communication also finds its place during meetings (Fieldi ng, 2006). An employee may be required by their company to attend and participate in different meetings. This means that communication skills must be employed to bring about productivity. One of the reasons why communication skills are inevitable is that it enhances the exchange of ideas and strategic decisions (Harris, Brewster, Sparrow, 2004). This can also be useful during business negotiations especially when dealing with arguments. It is worth noting that effective communication does not only imply to verbal relay of messages. It also entails good listening skills. This is also an essential part of communication because it includes taking notes of the decisions made by a particular panel of business associates during business meetings.Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is important to note that business communication plays an important role in an organizationâ€⠄¢s day to day operations. These operations include checking e-mails and replying to all messages that are important in the functions of the business. Communication is also vital in inquiring from customers during such operations as research (Fielding, 2006). Modern methods of communication such as company websites are important sources of information to both existing and potential customers and the public at large. The Trends of Business Communication in the Work Place The trends of contemporary business communication in many organizations are partly enhanced by the advancing in technology. This is to say that business communication is evolving from the archaic methods such as writing letters to the use of modern methods such as video conferencing. In the olden days, business meetings would often be face-to-face thereby ending with handshakes. The use of electronic gadgets coupled with new innovations of software programs that continually enter the market to enhance relay of messag es within and outside organizations is the current trend of business communication in many business organizations. Such devices include wikis, personal digital assistants together with teleconferencing which aid organizations to relay strategic information and decisions from one department to another. Effective Communication at the Work Place Effective communication at the work place is meant to decrease employee turnover and also decrease their absenteeism. If effective communication is provided to customers, more customers will be less dissatisfied due to effective customer care services. There will also be lower product defeat rates such that the employees will be more focused on the business objectives. Effective communication in a business environment also prevents the stifling of business innovation (Harris, Brewster Sparrow, 2004). When employees are kept informed on matters concerning their jobs, they will feel that they are being listened to by their managers. The effectiv eness of interpersonal skills of supervisors is meant to cause an imparting breakdown in communication of the organization (Fielding, 2006). This is because departments cannot be isolated from each other as long as they belong to the same organization. Therefore, the organization’s communication assessment survey park can be used to judge the level of effectiveness of communication between the workers and the managerial team. Conclusion In conclusion, business communication is the relay of messages from one employee, organization, department or office to another. Effective business communication usually helps in increasing productivity of the business because it relays ideas and decisions. Effective communication also helps in solving conflicts and restoring peace to an otherwise turbulent situation within a business organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Communication Trends specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently, there is a particular trend in business communication such that communication is moving from the old types of face-to-face meetings to the utilization of modern technologies such as conferencing. The main point to note here is that effective communication forms part of the backbone of business operations. Reference List Fielding, M. (2006). Effective Communication In Organizations: Preparing Messages That Communicate. Ed. 3. Cape Town: Juta Co. (Pty) Ltd. Harris, H., Brewster, C., Sparrow, P. (2004). International Human Resource Management. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel Development. This essay on Business Communication Trends was written and submitted by user Lilian Rodriguez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Management is Comprised of Four Functions

Management is Comprised of Four Functions Free Online Research Papers Management has become as the significant part of our society and it is also one of the most important human activities. The field of management grew in our society during from the time human beings began in the form of social organizations to achieve the goals they could not accomplish as individuals, managing has been essential to ensure the coordination of individual efforts. A French industrialist named Henry Fayol proposed all managers perform four functions: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling that. As the development of society on group effort, and as many organizations have become large, the task of managers has been increasing in importance and complication. That’s why, this essay is going to describe and discuss about this four functions. Planning is the first functions of the management process. Planning has defined as the process of setting performance objective and determining what actions should be taken to accomplish them. Though planning, a manager identifies desired result and ways to achieve them. There are four key elements to plan: objectives, actions, resources and implementation. Planning is the logical thinking through goals and making the decision as to what needs to be complete in order to achieve the organizations’ objectives. Managers use this process to plan for the future, as the blueprint to predict problems, choose the actions to avoid the difficult problems and to response the competition. As an example of planning in decision in action, consider the situation Tsuneji Uchida as President and COO Canon Inc who have lead Canon Company become the overwhelming No.1 position worldwide in all current core businesses.. Uchida must live by it values which clarify the company’s objectives an d goals. First, he decided that objectives were the maintaining canon’s position as the best company in the world; expand the business operation by diversification; get high profit for company. Second, He decided to choose the course of action. He decided to create the new digital camera with the good design and new technology for sustaining in marketing competition He decided on the lowering production costs through innovation to get higher profit. He decided to find new business domains for expand the company business. In order to reach the aims of the organization, managers are also responsible for arranging work to accomplish the organization’s goal. Organizing is the process that managers use to establish a structure of working relationships that allow organization members to impact and cooperate to achieve organization’s goal. A manager must know their ability of inferiors in order to organize the most valuable resources of the company. Then, managers will coordinate work activities, set up the training for the employees, acquire resources, and organize the work group into a productive team. Moreover, the manager must go over the plans the team; divide the projects into units that each person can complete, link jobs together in an understandable organized and distribute the jobs to individuals. Tsuneji Uchida faced the issue of how to structure the organization. He provided the flexible direction for the staff. First, he was continue develop the strength in producing camera to bui ld up Canon’s brand. Second, at the same time, Uchida coordinate the other team manufacture office imaging equipment like copiers generate earnings for company, and optical equipment, such as the steppers, used to produce semiconductors, boast cutting edge technology. Every organization includes people, and management’s job is to work with and through people to accomplish organization goal. When the managers motivate subordinates, influence individual or team as they work, select the most effective communication channel or deal in any way with employees’ behavior issues, they are leading. Leadership is the power of persuasion of manager to motivate the subordinates achieving organization’s goals. For example, the managers at Canon’s company encouraged workers to fulfill the goals of the company. Leaders had contacted with workers by using open communication and were able to give awareness about the position of the company and motivated them more cooperation in production. That attributed Canon’s success to smoothly adapting to the emerging environment of digital world. Management is there to inspire subordinates to step up to the plate and find innovative means to solve organization problems. The last function is the controlling process that guarantees plans are being supplemented properly. Controlling involves monitoring actual performance, comparing actual to standard, and taking action if necessary. This allows for the performance standard within the group to be set and communicated. At Canon’ company, the maintaining Canon’s positions and high profitability structure represent two very important management objectives to ensure continuous future growth. So, to guarantees the improvement of Canon firmly, Uchida identified the potential business in displays and in the field of medical equipment like X-ray systems capable of displaying moving images. Through this vast potential, Uchida have expanded the company business in the new field that ensured the maintenance and improvement of Canon’s business. Overall, through the definition of four functions’ management and the virtual example about the Canon’s company, that show us these classical functions provide clear and discrete methods of classifying the activities that managers use for achieving of goals. Moreover, a research named Henry Mintzberg identified the set of the management roles about informational roles, interpersonal roles, and decisional roles. His conclusion that the typical are not a systematic person who carefully decides how to plan, organize, lead, and control. So, the four function’s Fayol and the management roles’ Minztberg which one is correct? In fact, each has their own merit. Fayol’s approach is quite similar to Mintzberg’s way of classifying manager’s jobs. Mintzberg suggests that managers have quite similar roles as they have to be able to be a leader and communicate well. In additional, Fayol said that one of the four functions of management was organizing. Mintzberg, as well as most theorists have said that organizing is a crucial part of managing. Without organizing there would be no need for a manager. So, Fayol’s traditional approach was the frame of the underlying management that the theorists got his ideas an d then expanded on them. However, there are also some differences between Fayol’s and Minztberg’s theories. Fayol stated that there is a hierarchical chain of command in control. So if the workers only take control from one person then everyone above that person does not have control of them. So, a manager of a department is in charge of their workers but as it is essential to take control from only one person that means that the store manager cannot give the department managers workers orders. Whereas Mintzberg suggests that managers have interpersonal roles and are just a liaison for the owners of the organization. They are used purely to get across the main objectives of the business and to get the workers to do what they are supposed to do, so they are also motivators. Mintzberg doesn’t just look at the internal factors that influence managers but he also looks at the external influences as he uses the systems approach. Managers do not just spend their time planning, organizing, le ading and controlling, they also do other important tasks such as dealing with customers, going to meetings and building interpersonal relationships. Overall, the role of managers will depend on the type of organization you are working for. Therefore, there is a variation of the types of fucntions and the types of roles that managers have in an organization. As a result there cannot be one theory that can work for every single organization. The closest theory that can is Fayol’s, but that is only because he uses a broad range of what the managers role is Fayol’s theories can be said that they were the foundation thoughts for all the theorists. Fayol’s functions still represent the most useful way of conceptualizing the manager’s job. 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Management of Acute Post Operative Pain in a Clinical setting, by Assignment

Management of Acute Post Operative Pain in a Clinical setting, by third year nursing students - Assignment Example These reflections and observations are later assimilated and put into abstract concepts thus producing new implications for action which can be actively tested and in turn creating new experiences. In a clinical setting, instructors or teachers are expected to apply the four stage learning cycle which is a theory by Kolb. The four categories as stipulated by Kolb are concept experimentation (CE), reflective observation (RO), abstract conceptualization (AC) and lastly active experimentation (AE). Since the learning session is in sort of a discussion in a classroom, the teacher will be required to theoretically elaborate on the four stages or processes towards achieving knowledge (Kolb 2001). For instance the teacher would display an image showing how a doctor attends to a patient and the various processes that are carried out during the treatment procedure. If the learning session was practical, the students would be required to reflectively and keenly observe what the doctor is doing . This would in turn make them absorb any useful information from the experience and thus they would be in apposition to conceptualize the treatment procedure that they witnessed. ... Immediate of concrete experiences lead to observations as well as reflections. The following mentioned reflections are then internalized and translated into abstract concepts just like it has been elaborated thereon earlier, with implications for appropriate exercise which the student can actively experiment with. This further creates space for new experiences. Teaching with patients Teaching in a clinical setting or rather environment has the advantage of using real patients. This offers students some challenges but it requires close supervision so as toe ensure that the patients are in good condition. Students can in turn learn more from some patients than others. Patients chosen for teaching should be friendly, available and willing to talk and be in a position to accept examinations by students at the appropriate or stipulated time. They often feel that teaching students is a way of making some sort of sense of their illness or giving more information concerning their condition ( Petrie et al. 2009). Patients who may be willing to help the students learning process may have important information concerning their experiences of illness or have good, stable clinical signs. There should be no communication barriers unless the teacher is shedding light on how students should deal with communication difficulties from patients. Teaching with a patient may not only help students but may help their medical care; for instance if one wants a full history to be taken and recorded in the notes or consider an aspect of care which has not been explored before (Jarvis 1987). Patients are usually happy to take part in teaching sessions but it is